In January 2016, China finally announced the end of its controversial one-child policy, first rolled out in 1980. For the first time in almost 40 years, all couples were allowed to have up to two children. The key objective back then was to halt and possibly reverse the steep decline in birth rates in the world's most populous nation. But the fertility rate kept falling drastically, down to 1.3 per woman, far below the replacement level of 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population.

In May this year, China scrapped its two-child policy, in favour of a 3-child policy, to try and arrest the rapid fall in birth rates. But getting parents to change their mindset will not be easy. Will the drastic policy shift lead to a rapid surge in the fertility rate? With fewer babies, coupled with the rapid increase in the number of elderly citizens, will that mark the end of China’s phenomenal economic growth, and hinder its rise as the next global superpower?

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