The Development of Mu'tazilite thought :

part 1 of this video↓
   • History of Development of Muslim Aqee...  

Ahmad ibn Hanbal Vs Mu'tazilites ↓
   • Seerat Ahmad ibn Hanbal  

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00:00 Channel Intro & Title

00:30 Introduction & Recap

05:35 Wasil bin Ata - The first Mu'tazilite

10:45 Abu Hudhayl Al A'llaf - Formulator of Mu'talism

13:55 Mu'tazila's Aqeeda of Tawheed

21:35 Mu'tazila's Aqeeda about Jannah & Jahannam's Eternality

24:22 An Nazzam

28:15 Is God All-Good? My reply to Neil Degrass Tyson.

33:46 Allah's Will is Allah's Knowledge (False)

37:29 Athari and Ash'ari's Aqeeda upon Siffat of Allah

45:25 Attributes can be said for Allah only negatively - Plato's influence on Mu'tazilite Aqeeda

46:33 Were all Mu'tazili same? A view upon Az Zamakhshari

49:28 Bishr ibn Mu'tamir - Bishriyya - Subsect of Mu'tazila

49:49 Prime Mover and Secondary Movement & Recreationism of Ash'ariyya

56:10 Aqul Al Fa'al (Active Intelligence) Aqeedah of Ibn Arabi

1:00:53 Ash Shahham & Abu A'li Al Jubbai'

1:01:43 Introduction to Abu Hassan Al Ash'ari



*Abu Hudhayl Al A'llaf (226 H) :


- Allah is absolute Unity

- Allah is Omnipotent by His Omnipotence, but Omnipotence is not a seperate Attribute of His

- Allah's Will is Allah's Knowledge.

- Qaadiriyya

- Jannah & Jahannam will remain forever in absolute stillness along with it's absolute pleasure & pain

- He gave 5 principles : Tawheed, Adl, inevitable Waad wa Waeed, intermediate destination, forcible injunction of right & prohibition of wrong.



An Nazzam (231 H) :


- nephew of Abu Hudhayl

- God can only do good
- whatever bad happens, God's knowledge/will is of good

- God does not have the power do to evil

- God's will is His knowledge.
- and God's will is His command and God's will creates

- Insaan is Ruh and body is vessel (like Rose and Scent).

- Qaadiriyya - man creates action but it soon comes back into God's Law (like man can throw a stone, but it falls back under God's Law)

- God created everything at once, but they appear in visible world in time as per God's will/knowledge.

- Quran is not a miracle in it's linguistics and words. It's miracle is the knowledge of past and future.

- Imaamite - Only an appointed interpreter by God can truly interpret the Quran and supplement the teaching of Muhammad ﷺ

- attributes can be said of Allah only negatively.



Bishr ibn Mu'tamir (210 H)


- Bishriyya subsect had some different ideas than Mu'tazila.

- Tawleed & Tawallud - Prime Movement and Secondary movement

- Prime movement needs a creator, but secondary movements happen on its own.
- You may move a finger, so you are creator of movement of the finger (Tawleed), but a ring on your finger moved along with your finger and the movement of the ring has no creator.

- So prime mover does not bear the consequence of any result of secondary movement.

- On day of judgement, infants and underage children will turn to dust along with animals.

- if you commit major sin and repent but commit it again, then you get punishment for commiting it both times.

- God's will succeeds the Being of God.

- His pupil, Al-Muzdar, said anyone who believes Quran is eternal has taken two Gods and is a disbeliever.



Mu'ammar ibn Abbad As Sulumi (194 H)


- God doesn't even has Will.
- associating any Quality with God causes Duality.
- God is unthinkable by us.

- God shouldn't even be called Qadeem, for that suggests God is bounded by time.


- God has created the vessels and beings but the qualities of vessels and beings is its own essence.

- God created matter, and changes occur on its own through their essence.



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Poets influenced by Mu'tazilite ideas in pre-mu'tazilte time:



Bashaar ibn Burd (167 H, executed)

- he would compare his peoms and other's poem with Quran, at the disadvantage of the latter.



Ibn Al Muqaffa (140 H, executed)

- author of Kaila and Dimma (poems)
- said to have planned an imitation of Quran


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Six opinions about Imaan (Mu'tazila):


1. Belief comprises all Fardh & Nafil acts
- and sin can be major or minor


2. Belief is obedience to all Fardh & Nafil
(Hisham Al Fuwati)


3. Belief is all Fardh and those Nafil which Allah wants to be followed
(Abbad ibn Sulaiman)

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Presentation : Sirat Al Mustaqeem
Narration : Saad ibn Sabah


4. Belief is to avoid major sins.
- Major sins are those for whom punishment is prescribed by Allah.
(Ibrahim An Nazzam)


5. Belief is to avoid that for which there is threat of punishment by Allah.


6. Belief is all Fardh and no Nafil.
(Abu A'li Al Jubbai')

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#Aqeedah #Aqeedah #IslamicTheology
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