Dr Sanil Rege, Consultant Psychiatrist explains two properties of melatonin beyond its effect on the circadian rhythm to promote sleep.
#sleep #melatonin #circadianrhythm #circadin #cytokines #antiinflammation #weightloss

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was initially thought to be produced exclusively in the pineal gland. Subsequently, its synthesis was demonstrated in other organs, such as the retinas, and very high concentrations of melatonin are found at other sites, such as bone marrow cells and bile.
However, melatonin has two other important properties that are under-recognised.
These are
1. Anti-inflammatory effects: Melatonin reduces tissue destruction during inflammatory reactions by a number of means by directly scavenging toxic free radicals.
It prevents the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) to the nucleus and its binding to DNA, thereby reducing the upregulation of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, for example, interleukins and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. (TNF-alpha)
Melatonin attenuates transendothelial cell migration and oedema, which contribute to tissue damage.
Melatonin supplements may prevent pathophysiological consequences of COVID-19 disease

2. Weight loss :
Melatonin plays an important role in glycaemic homeostasis and modulation of white adipose tissue activity, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. Melatonin increases brown adipose tissue volume and activity which promotes lipolysis.
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