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We can't measure the distance to astronomical objects directly, so we have to be creative. That's why we need the cosmic distance ladder. It's a serious of techniques we use to calculate astronomical distances indirectly.

Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
Nora Bailey - Researcher, Fact-Checker
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS

Black Hole Misconceptions:
   • What Most People Get Wrong About Blac...  
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SciShow Space on Distance Ladder:
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HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS

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Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014

Plutonium Crazies:
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SOURCES

Radar Ranging:
https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(73)...
https://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/sc...

Parallax:
https://doi.org/10.1167/9.1.10
https://sci.esa.int/web/gaia/-/53278-...
https://www.esa.int/Science_Explorati....
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aacb21

Cepheid Variables:
http://astro.wku.edu/labs/m100/PLrela...
https://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/ed...
https://doi.org/10.17226/9585
https://doi.org/10.1086/126870

Type 1a Supernovas:
https://arxiv.org/abs/0705.0726
https://doi.org/10.1086/186970
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.30...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.04192

Cosmological:
https://astro.ucla.edu/~wright/CosmoC...
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9905116
https://doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/aty268
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.13642
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LINKS TO COMMENTS

   • JWST had a Turbulent History, but was...  
   • JWST had a Turbulent History, but was...  
   • JWST had a Turbulent History, but was...  
   • JWST had a Turbulent History, but was...  
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IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS

Apollo Retrorefector:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/re...

Deep Field Flythrough:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31035/

Gaia Animation:
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Vi...

Milky Way (Artist Rendition):
https://images.nasa.gov/details/PIA10748

Type 1a Supernova:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13852
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...

Barred Spiral Galaxy (NGC 1300):
https://images.nasa.gov/details/GSFC_...

Redshift Cube:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14105/

Redshift Zoom:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14301/

Galaxy GLASS-z12:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
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TIME CODES

00:00 Cold Open
00:22 Introduction
02:05 Radar Ranging
04:17 Inverse Square Law
04:57 Stellar Parallax
08:46 Standard Candles
10:58 Cepheid Variable Stars
12:58 Type 1a Supernovas
15:15 Cosmological Redshift
18:37 Summary
19:44 Nebula Ad
20:52 Outro
21:05 Featured Comment