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Primary sources:
- Albinus’ Pompeii Mutiny:
Livy, Epit. 75
Val. Max. 9. 8. 3
Plu. Sul. 6
Oros. 5. 18. 22
Dio Fr. 100

- Caesar's Vesontio Mutiny:
Caes. BG. 1. 39-41
Cass. Dio. 38. 34-47

- Scipio's Sucro Mutiny:
App. Iber. 34-37
Livy. 28. 24-32
Polyb. 11. 25-30
Zon. 9. 9-10

- Caesar's 9th Hispana Mutiny:
Suet. Caes. 69
App. BC. 2. 47
Cass. Dio. 41. 26

Secondary Sources:
Brice, L. L. “Indiscipline in the Roman Army of the Late Republic and Early Principate” in Brice, L. L. (ed.) New Approaches to Greek and Roman Warfare, 2020, Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 113-126.

Brice, L. L. “Second Chance for Valor: Restoration of Order after Mutinies and Indiscipline” in Brice, L. L. & Slootjes, D. (eds.) Aspects of Ancient Institutions and Geography Studies in Honor of Richard J.A. Talbert, 2015, Leiden & Boston: Brill. 103-121.

Brice, L. L. “SPQR SNAFU: Indiscipline and internal conflict in the Late Republic” in Armstrong, J. & Fronda, M. P. (eds.) Romans at War Soldiers, Citizens, and Society in the Roman Republic, 2020, New York: Routledge. 247-267.

Chrissanthos, S. G. “Freedom of Speech in the Roman Republican Army” in Sluiter, I. & Rosen, R.M (eds.) Free Speech in Classical Antiquity, 2004, Leiden & Boston: Brill. 341-369.

Chrissanthos, S. G. “Scipio and the Mutiny of Sucro 206 B.C.” in Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 46, H. 2. 1997, 172-184.

Chrissanthos, S. G. Seditio: Mutiny in the Roman Army 90-40 B.C. Los Angeles: University of Southern California. 1999.

Keaveney, A. The Army in the Roman Revolution. New York: Routledge. 2007.

Machado, D. Voluntas Militum: Collective Action and Popular Power in the Armies of the Middle Republic. Zaragoza: Libera Res Pública. 2023.

Nolan, D. “Caesar’s Exempla and the Role of Centurions in Battle” in Armstrong, J. (ed.) Circum Mare: Themes in Ancient Warfare, Mnemosyne Supplements Vol. 388, 2016, Leiden & Boston: Brill. 34-62.

Defining Mutiny (0:00)
Albinus and incompetence (2:38)
Caesar and fear (6:49)
Scipio and opportunism (9:28)
Caesar and need for discharge (12:23)