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Iron Metabolism | Source | Absorption | Toxicity and Excretion🩺

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Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level. Iron is both necessary to the body and potentially toxic. Controlling iron levels in the body is a critically important part of many aspects of human health and disease. Hematologists have been especially interested in systemic iron metabolism, because iron is essential for red blood cells, where most of the human body's iron is contained. Understanding iron metabolism is also important for understanding diseases of iron overload, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, and iron deficiency, such as iron-deficiency anemia.

Iron is an important nutrient that you can only get through your diet. Haem iron is found in meat, poultry and fish. Non-haem iron is found in plants, eggs, and nuts. The amount of iron you need each day depends on your sex and age.

Dietary iron absorption is primarily performed through enterocyte cells on the duodenum and upper jejunum of the small intestine. Because humans do not have an active iron excretion system, intestinal iron absorption is critical for maintaining iron balance in the body.

Diagnosis of iron toxicity is based on clinical evaluation and sometimes (eg, in chronic toxicity) requires confirmation with serum iron and ferritin concentration. Treatment of iron toxicity often involves deferoxamine, which binds with iron and is excreted in urine. Hemochromatosis is treated with phlebotomy.
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