Dr Sanil Rege takes you through the impact of trauma and stress on the brain.

This video presents how stress and trauma impacts the brain but also covers the following subjects:
-Trauma and the brain - neurobiology of PTSD
-Trauma and the nervous system

One thing I observed when I was looking for info on how stress and trauma impacts the brain was the lack of pertinent information.
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the brain is the central coordinator of how humans respond to stress and trauma. The stress response starts in the hypothalamus where paraventricular neurons (PVN) secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

This hormone stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary, which in turn stimulates the release of glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) from the adrenal cortex.

Cortisol exerts negative feedback control of the HPA. Cortisol also reduces the noradrenergic stress response.
In Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there exists a dysregulation of glucocorticoid signalling underpinned by heightened negative feedback sensitivity of the HPA. This results in low cortisol levels and blunted ACTH responses to CRH due to elevated levels of CRH resulting in down-regulation of CRH receptors on the anterior pituitary.
Two genes that are thought to be involved are NR3C1 (encoding the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor) and FKBP5 (role in immunoregulation and regulating the amount of GC available to the GC receptor)

The dynamic interaction between the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala creates two distinct phenotypes in PTSD patients.
In many patients, a phase-oriented therapy is more appropriate focusing on reducing hyperarousal in the short term allowing them to engage in trauma-related psychotherapies after emotional dysregulation and hyperarousal are addressed.--------------
If you want to discover more regarding trauma and the brain neurobiology of PTSD or other topics on psychiatry please have a look at our various other videos:    / @psychiatrysimplified  
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