Shafi' Fiqh and Ash'ari Aqeedah's Unification.

Islamic History of Development of Theology/Aqeedah with Saad ibn Sabah

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Year 428 AH:

The Seljuk Sultan, Tugrul Beg, won over Nishapur from the Ghaznavids.

Al Kunduri - one of the adherents Shafi' Fiqh, but not an Ash'ari was made the vizier of the Sultan


Al Kunduri around 445 AH began the Mihna (trial) of the Asha'ari in Nishapur.


— first all Asha'ari were removed from any position of power being claimed as Ahlul Bida'ah

— then cursing the Ash'ari scholars of Nishapur by name from Jumu'ah pulpits.

— some Asha'ari clerics were banished, while some were arrested.

— through the cursings on Fridays, the mobs used to get mobilised and political power wouldn't punish any so called "mob lynching" culprits of an Ash'ari adherent.

By end of the year 445, an arrest order for 4 greatest Ash'ari scholars was passed:

1. Al Qushayri
2. Al Furati
3. Al Muwaffaq
4. Al Juwayni (later k/a Imamul Harmayn)

The first two were captured, and paraded on the road shamelessly and put in prison.

Al Juwayni hid himself and left Nishapur and lived in Al Makkah and Al Madinah.

Al Muwaffaq was not in Nishapur when order was passed. He rather gathered a small group of supporters and attack Nishapur!!

Al Muwaffaq's army did create an impact in the town and the vizier agreed for truce that the Ash'ari scholars will be released if Al Muwaffaq retreats back.

Al Muwaffaq continued the attack, and he was captured but later all Ash'ari scholars were exiled out of Nishapur.

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Sultan Alp Arsalan :

The Mihna lasted till 450 AH.
Alp Arsalan ended the Mihna and honoured the Ash'ariyya with respect.

Alp Arsalan appointed Nizam Al Mulk as his vizier.

Nizam Al Mulk took this opportunity and he established "the single most effective unified educational project ever launched since the beginning of Islam: the Niẓāmiyya Madrasas"

The first Nizamiyya Madrasa was handed over to Al Juwayni, Imam Al Harmayn... who was called back from exile to be the owner of the first Madrasa. Al Juwayni was also given the position of Khateeb in the largest mosque in Nishapur, The Mani' Mosque.


In 459 Nizamiyya Madrasa was established in Baghdad!

Other places where Nizamiyya Madrasa was built
- Balkh
- Herat
- Ishfahan
- Basra
- Merv
- Amul
- Mosul


— Students would be paid stipend (first time in history)


In Baghdad there was no famous Ash'ari during that time except Abu Bakr Al Baqillaani.

So establishment of Nizamiyya at Baghdad was not seen positively by Athari of Baghdad.

At the grand event of opening of Nizamiyya Madrasa in Baghdad on Eid Al Adha, the appointed head Al Shirzi couldn't arrive Baghdad on the given date.
So the head position was given to a Shafi' Athari scholars ibn Sabbagh on demand of the Athari Masses of Baghdad.

Nizam Al Mulk, when heard this, severally got angry and demanded Al Shirazi to be given the head position, and ibn Sabbagh lost the head position in just 17 days.

Al Shirazi is the author of Asha'ari defensive book Al Ishara ila Al Madhhabi Ahl Al haqq — Signs towards the school of people of truth.


FITNA AL QUSHAYRI

Nizam Al Mulk replaced Al Shirazi in 469AH with Al Qushayri because Shirazi was not so openly and blatantly opposing Athari Creed in their own heartland.

A Athari Hanbali Cleric who had retired, returned back to Baghdad and opened a new Madrasa to counter the Anti Athari arguments of Al Qushayri. He was Abu Ja'far.

Matters got worse and riots broke out between supporters of both group.

Al Shirazi wrote a letter to Nizam Al Mulk for back up.. and more mobs entered Baghdad... Till the Ash'ari started calling the Fatimids for help!

The Abbasid Caliph sent Al Qushayri back to Nishapur and home-locked Abu Ja'far..

The students became angrier and in 570 another Riot broke out and about 20 people were killed!

The Muslim army had to walk on the streets of Baghdad to monitor the civil fightings for many days!


And this same Nizamiyya Madrasa in Baghdad... Later on saw the brightest star of the Ash'ari Theology, handpicked from the Nishapur Madrasa by Nizam Al Mulk and Transfered to Baghdad!

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00:00 Channel Intro

00:30 Introduction

04:50 Abu Sahl As Suluki - First Shafi' Ash'ari

07:20 Al Furak - The first proper Shafi' Ash'ari theologian

09:21 Introduction to Karramiyya

12:00 Buyids control over Baghdad

15:08 Sultan Tugrul Beg (Seljuk)

16:50 Mihna of Nishapur by Al Kunduri

22:07 Al Qushayri, Al Furati, Al Muwaffaq, Al Juwaini

29:30 Alp Arsalan and Nizam Al Mulk

36:00 Nizamiyya Madrasa in Nishapur

40:50 Nizamiyya Madrasa in Baghdad

48:55 Fitna of Al Qushayri

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HASHTAGS:
#IslamicHistory #Aqeedah #IslamicTheology
#AqeedaUrdu #Nizamiyya
#Madrasa #Shafi #Jahmiyya #Aqeedahistory #Baghdad #QuranisQalam #IslamicIdeology #AhmadibnHanbal #Urdutheology