The human urinary system consists of pair kidneys, the kidneys are bean shaped structures that form the urine.
Ureters, ureters are tube like structures, that carry urine to Bladder from each kidney.
Bladder: the site where urine is collected , and stored until urination.
Urethra: carry urine from bladder to external environment.
Position of kidneys:
In humans, the kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, being attached with dorsal body wall on either side of vertebral column, the left kidney lies a little higher than the right kidney.
The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity is caused by the liver, which results in the right kidney being slightly lower than the left one, while the left kidney is located slightly more medial.
The kidneys are approximately at the vertebral level, T2 to L3, T12 stands for thorax 12 and L3 for lumbar 3.
The Kidneys are bean shaped organs, located in either side of vertebral column.
the kidneys are 10 centimeter in long and 6 cm wide in size.
The concave side of each kidney is called the hilus.
Through the hilum renal artery enters and the renal vein and ureter exit.
Each kidney is covered by a tough renal capsule , which is smooth transparent and fibrous membrane that surrounds and protects the kidneys.
The renal capsule helps to maintain the kidney shape.
Anatomy of kidney:
The outer part of the kidney is called cortex, which is red in color, where is inner part of kidney is called renal medulla. Renal medulla contains renal pyramids which are triangular structures, there are about 5- 18 straited renal pyramids in each kidney.
Kidney has funnel shaped structure called renal pelvis, the renal pelvis is dilated part of the ureter which acts as funnel for urine. Kidneys have units called nephrons, which carry out the process of filtration of blood and form urine.
Function of kidneys:
Kidneys filter your blood, they remove waste from the body, kidneys control the fluid balance and keep the right level of electrolytes.
Two kidneys filter about 200 liters of fluid every 24 hours.
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