All references below. Inhalant misuse is well-documented to cause permanent damage to the body. The neurological damage can be acute, and continued misuse will progress to multi-organ damage. Sudden cardiac death is also known to happen with this misuse, along with a variety of additional problems.

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Toluene Toxic Leukoencephalopathy Image case courtesy of Dr Chee Kok Yoon, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 17082

These cases are patients who I, or my colleagues have seen. They are de-identified and many instances have been presented in more depth in an academic setting. These videos are not individual medical advice and are for general educational purposes only. I do not give medical advice over the internet.

References:

Syndromes of toluene sniffing in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:758-762.

Glue-sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis: sticking to the facts. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1912400/

Laboratory approach for diagnosis of toluene-based inhalant abuse in a clinical setting.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

Neurotoxicity of solvents in brain of glue abusers. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21783...

Neural basis of inhalant abuse. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9716942/

A rare but serious case of toluene-induced sudden sniffing death. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

Hydrocarbon toxicity: A review. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...

Inhalant Misuse in children and adolescents. UpToDate. Accessed 28 Mar 2023.

Effect of benzene, toluene, xylene on the .. quality of exposed workers. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11601...

Effects of pH on Potassium: New Explanations for Old Observations. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

THE EFFECT IN HUMANS OF EXTRACELLULAR pH CHANGE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION AND INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

MR Imaging of "Spray Heads": Toluene Abuse via Aerosol Paint Inhalation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

Review of toluene action: clinical evidence, animal studies and molecular targets. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

On the mechanism of rhabdomyolysis in potassium depletion. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

The Effects of Toluene on the Central Nervous System https://academic.oup.com/jnen/article...

Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 11th ed.