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Third-degree heart block, also known as complete heart block, is a serious medical condition that affects the heart's electrical system, leading to a disruption in the normal rhythm of the heart. In a healthy heart, electrical signals travel from the atria (upper chambers) to the ventricles (lower chambers), coordinating the heartbeat and allowing the heart to pump blood effectively.

In third-degree heart block, the electrical signals between the atria and ventricles are completely blocked. This means that the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other. The atria may maintain a normal rhythm, but the ventricles beat at a slower rate, often driven by a backup or escape pacemaker located lower in the heart. As a result, the heart may not pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, fainting, and shortness of breath.

Third-degree heart block can be caused by various factors, including:

1. *Heart diseases:* Such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), cardiomyopathy, or heart valve disorders can damage the heart's electrical system, leading to heart block.

2. *Aging:* Degeneration of the heart's electrical pathways is a common cause in older adults.

3. *Medications:* Certain medications, especially those used to treat heart conditions, can interfere with the heart's electrical signals.

4. *Infections:* Infections such as Lyme disease or rheumatic fever can damage the heart tissue, including the electrical pathways.

5. *Congenital heart defects:* Some individuals are born with abnormal heart structures that can lead to heart block.

The treatment for third-degree heart block depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. In some cases, a temporary or permanent pacemaker may be implanted to regulate the heart's rhythm. A pacemaker is a small device placed under the skin, usually near the collarbone, that uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.

It's important for individuals with third-degree heart block to receive appropriate medical care and monitoring, as untreated heart block can be life-threatening. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider and adherence to recommended treatments can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals living with this condition.