10 Mariana Trench Facts That Will Blow Your Mind

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The Mariana Trench, located in the Philippine Sea just off the coast of the Mariana Islands, is the
deepest part of the ocean. It is so deep that Mt. Everest will be completely submerged under 2
kilometers of water if you somehow manage to throw it in there. Naturally, people don’t know much
about it, but we are here to remedy that. Today we bring you 10 Mariana trench facts that will blow
your mind. Did you know only 3 people have descended to the deepest part of the trench? One of them
isn’t even an explorer. Find out in number 1.

Number 10. A Place of Extreme Temperatures
As you go further and further down into the depths of the ocean, the temperature gets steadily colder.
It gets especially cold down in the dark and abysmal waters of the Mariana Trench. Temperatures there
constantly hovers at just above freezing, somewhere between 1 degree Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius. But
there are certain parts of the trench that have temperatures on the opposite side of the scale.
If you venture close to the hydrothermal vents that litter the Trench roughly a mile down. In a world
where the water is one or two steps away from turning to ice, there are several vents that shoot out
water close to 450 degrees Celsius. Alternately known as “black smokers,” the water in these vents
shoots out tons of minerals that help life in the area survive and thrive. The creatures that call the
Trench home need these minerals and the energy they produce, as even one mile down is too far for the
Sun to have any effect on them. It’s either hang around the super-hot water, or perish.
Quite amazingly, this extremely hot water doesn’t boil. This is due to the extremely high pressures down
there. And speaking of high pressures…

Number 9. A High Pressure Situation
Pressure exerted by water that deep is tremendous. According to scientists, down in the trench, you can
experience up to 1100 times the pressure you would experience at sea level. To put that into
perspective, if you can somehow get 100 elephants to stand on your head, you’d get an idea on how
much pressure we are talking about here.
The pressure is so high it actually increases the density of water to about five percent. That means if you
take a one-liter bottle of water then dive down into the trench, by the time you get there the water in
your bottle would be down to 9 and a half liters.
Such extreme pressures should make it impossible for life to develop down there, but there are a few
creatures that thrive under pressure and make the Mariana trench their home, one of which might
surprise you.

Number 8. Clams Live There
The intense water pressure down in the Trench makes it difficult for anything with a hard shell or bones
to survive, hence the abundance of sea cucumbers and giant amoeba, yes, you heard me right and we’ll

get to those later on. If you stuck a turtle down there, it would almost certainly end up crushed by its
own shell.
Of course, the recent discovery of shelled animals in the Trench, such as clams, should put a damper on
this little stereotype. Discovered in early-2012, these clams largely reside near serpentine hydrothermal
vents. The serpentine rock is rich with life-giving minerals such as hydrogen and methane, which allows
life to form around it. Nobody yet knows for sure how the clams evolved their shells to be so sturdy
under pressure and, unfortunately, they’re not talking.
However, water pressure aside, these vents exude another gas—hydrogen sulfide—that is normally
lethal to clams and other mollusks. Luckily for them, they’ve evolved the ability to bind the sulfide to
harmless proteins, thereby nullifying its toxicity and allowing the deep-sea clam population to survive.

Number 7. A Little Bit of the Bubbly
Most of the hydrothermal vents mentioned previously spew nothing but regular, albeit extremely hot
water that will singe your skin if you get anywhere near it. One vent, however, raises the game to an
utterly ridiculous level, releasing not water, but pure liquid carbon dioxide.
Outside of the Okinawa Trough near Taiwan, the Champagne Vent of the Mariana Trench is the only
known underwater area where liquid carbon dioxide exists.