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Learn how four stroke engines work! The animation in this video shows you exactly how a four stroke diesel engine works and also how a four stroke petrol/gasoline engine works. You will learn all of the engine’s main parts and how an internal combustion (IC) engine works!

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▶️Introduction
Four stroke (4 stroke) diesel engines have been used for over 100 years and their design has not changed significantly during this time. A four stroke engine consists of:

1. Piston
2. Connecting Rod (Con Rod)
3. Pushrod
4. Plain Bearings
5. Inlet Valves
6. Exhaust Valves
7. Springs
8. Camshaft
9. Crankshaft
10. Combustion Space (Cylinder Liner)

The four stroke engine requires four strokes to complete one combustion cycle. The strokes are:

1. Suction
2. Compression
3. Power (Ignition)
4. Exhaust

The suction stroke draws air into the cylinder liner (combustion space) as the piston moves down towards bottom dead centre (BDC). When the piston reaches BDC, the inlet valves close and the piston travels back upwards towards top dead centre (TDC).

As the piston moves towards TDC, the air in the cylinder is compressed and its temperature and pressure increases. Shortly before TDC, diesel fuel (or petrol/gasoline) is injected into the combustion space. The fuel ignites and a controlled explosion occurs.

Petrol/gasoline engines use spark plugs for ignition, whilst diesel engines use only the heat generated due to compression. For this reason, petrol engines are known as spark ignition engines and diesel engines are known as compression ignition engines.

Once ignition occurs, the power stroke begins. The increase in pressure and temperature crated by fuel combustion pushes the piston towards BDC. Once at BDC, all the fuel within the combustion space has been burnt and the final engine stroke is ready to begin.

The exhaust stroke is the fourth and final stroke. The piston rises from BDC to TDC and expels exhaust gas from the combustion space via the exhaust valves. Once the piston reaches TDC, the air inlet valves open and the exhaust valves close a short time later (there is some valve overlap to ensure all exhaust gas has been removed from the combustion space).

The combustion cycle is now complete as all four strokes have occurred.

This type of engine utilises direct fuel injection; common rail fuel injectors are also used.


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