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First, let’s separate the terms between Ethernet and IP. When most people think of Ethernet, we think in terms of a physical connection.

You may have an Ethernet port on your computer in which you plug in a cable that then connects to a router or switch.

This connection type is typically called a LAN connection.
However, Ethernet is not a connection type but instead, an IEEE protocol.

In our everyday use of the Internet we typically just say that we are connected via Ethernet or Wireless.

It’s much easier to say Ethernet than to get into the weeds of the actual terms of connection protocols, stacks, layers, and the like.

Now that we have said that Ethernet is a protocol versus a physical connection, let’s get a little into the weeds of some of the terms.

Most communications to our computers or devices travel over one or more networks via something called a packet.

Since there is a multitude of devices that may want to send and/or receive data there have to be some common rules for sending and receiving these packets. This is where the protocol comes in.

One of the most commonly known protocols is the TCP/IP protocol. This protocol is widely used in internet communications. The term TCP/IP relates to TCP or “Transmission Control Protocol”, where the IP is Internet Protocol.

There are other protocols such as Open System Interconnection or OSI but for simplicity sake, let’s stick with TCP/IP for now.

One of the most commonly known protocols is the TCP/IP protocol. This protocol is widely used in internet communications.

The term TCP/IP relates to TCP or “Transmission Control Protocol”, where the IP is Internet Protocol.

There are other protocols such as Open System Interconnection or OSI but for simplicity sake, let’s stick with TCP/IP for now.

The TCP/IP is a layered protocol. Those layers are Applications, TCP, IP, and Network. Basic functions are explained but there are many, many details in each layer.

Each layer has a function that it performs and when complete, is then passed to the next layer. In terms of the internet, the transmitting computer will pass its data to the applications layer.

This layer works with the applications software to provide communications that may be required such as HTTP, FTP, POP, DNS, IMAP, etc. That layer will add some data that will identify and direct the data and then passes to the TCP layer.

In the simplest terms, Ethernet/IP is Ethernet packets used with the Industrial Protocol of CIP, TCP/IP, and/or UDP layers to provide the required data to your controller.

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