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Learn how watertube boilers work! This 3D animated video shows you all of a watertube boiler’s main components and how it works!

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▶️Introduction
Watertube boilers (also spelt as ‘water tube’ or ‘water-tube’) are used whenever a large steam production capacity is required; they are typically high pressure and high temperature boilers. This design of boiler is used extensively in the power generation industry to provide steam for steam turbines. Smaller watertube boilers may be used in industrial plants that have a high steam demand, but low fluctuations in demand.

The 3D model shown in the video is a coal fired watertube boiler. Coal is the primary fuel for most thermal power stations because it is relatively cheap whilst also having a comparatively high heat value.

Raw coal is fed to the coal pulverisers then into the boiler where it is burnt. Centrifugal fans are used to supply the primary and secondary air required for combustion. Water enters the boiler through the economiser and is gradually heated as it passes to the steam drum.

Water exits the steam drum via downcomers then flows through the front, rear, and side furnace walls. The tubes surrounding the furnace are called ‘risers’ due to the water rising-up through the tubes. After the furnace walls, the water has been converted to wet steam, and it flows to the steam drum.

Dry saturated steam exits the top of the steam drum and flows to the primary superheater, platen superheater, and finally through the secondary finishing superheater. Steam is discharged from the boiler to the high pressure steam turbine. At this stage, the superheated steam is ‘dry’ and contains no entrained moisture (it has a high dryness fraction and high enthalpy -see our thermodynamics course to learn more-).

After the steam has transferred some of its heat to the high pressure steam turbine, it is returned to the boiler to be reheated in a reheater superheater; the steam then enters the intermediate pressure steam turbine and low pressure steam turbine(s).

Exhaust/flue gases are discharged from the boiler via the stack.

Note that heat is transferred to the water via radiation (in the furnace), conduction (through the tube walls) and convection (as the hot gases pass through the boiler).

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