The engine oil pump features seven vanes and a moving element that continuously adjusts to maintain a regulated oil
pressure supply by varying the displacement of the pump. The pump has two regulated pressure stages of operation
controlled by an on/off solenoid. Low pressure mode regulation (solenoid on) is approximately 200 kPa (29 psi) and
high pressure mode regulation (solenoid off) is approximately 450 kPa (65 psi). The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
switches the pump between stages based on engine operating conditions, oil and coolant temperatures, speed and load.
Under most typical conditions, the pump will run in low mode from idle up to around 3000 RPM and switch from low
to high mode between 3000 and 4000 RPM. The maximum oil pressure in the engine is limited to 1000 kPa (145 psi) by
the relief valve. Pressure in the main oil galley of the engine can be monitored with diagnostic equipment through the oil
pressure sensor. The minimum pressure for the engine is 41 kPa (6 psi) at any operating condition. Anything under this
pressure could result in damage to critical moving parts.