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This video explains how an On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) works. On Load Tap Changers are used in liquid immersed electrical transformers in the power engineering industry. The purpose of the tap changer is to regulate the number of secondary windings within the circuit. By changing the amount of conductor (windings) within the changing magnetic field, the induced voltage output can be regulated.

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▶️Transformers with more windings on the secondary side compared to the primary side will increase the voltage output (step-up transformer), whilst the opposite occurs when there are less windings on the secondary side (step-down transformer).

There are two main designs of tap changer, resistive and reactive. The OLTC (sometimes called LTC) is designed to open and close the electrical circuit whilst the circuit is live. As the circuit is live during tap changer operation, resultant electrical arcs occur across the contacts. Tap changer maintenance intervals are usually dictated by the number of taps (number of open and close operations), or, by the period of time in operation e.g. 12 months.

Tap changers are usually placed in a separate tank to the main transformer, or, within their own compartment neighbouring or within the main transformer tank. The most common tap changer insulating medium is mineral oil.

The terms ‘turn ratio’ and ‘voltage ratio’ are mentioned during this video.


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