In part two of the case on informal businesses in Medellin, Columbia, Francis Fukuyama walks through the process of drawing a causal map and goes into detail on how it’s used to develop a theory of change that will become a solution to the underlying problem. Building on the problem identification and solutions development approaches introduced in module 1, Fukuyama delves into the different motives behind informal businesses, exploring the ways the city can take action to drive behavior change and ultimately encourage citizens to embrace formalization.

You can read the case study here: https://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/lad/pu...