We just learned two separation techniques, so let's learn one more! Distillation separates compounds by virtue of their differing boiling points. If two liquids are miscible, we can't perform extraction, but if they have very different boiling points, we can heat the mixture to a temperature above the boiling point of one but below the boiling point of the other, and only the compound with the lower boiling point will vaporize. This vapor can move through a condenser where it will condense, and the distillate can be collected in a receiving flask. Separation complete! There are some subtle details to be aware of, so check this out.

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