How Much Information is in the Universe?
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 Published On Sep 12, 2018

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There’s quite a bit of stuff in the universe, to put it mildly.

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Hundreds of billions of galaxies, each with hundreds of billions of stars, each with … rather a lot of particles in them. And then there’s all the stuff that isn’t stars. The dark matter, black holes, planets, and the particles and radiation in between the stars and galaxies. Stuff EVERYWHERE! But… is the universe actually made of stuff? An increasing number of physicists view the universe – view reality as informational at its most fundamental level. But how big a memory bank would you even need to compute a universe? Seriously, let’s figure it out.

Computational Capacity of the Universe (2001), by Seth Lloyd
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0110141

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