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Basal Ganglia | Structure Function | Neuroanatomy | Dr Najeeb

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00:00:00
Basic anatomy, location of Thalami, Caudate and Lentiform nuclei and Internal Capsule, and other structures in the base of the brain

00:12:47
Insula, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Subthalamus, Midbrain, Superior and inferior colliculi, Substantia Nigra, Amygdala

00:19:29
Basal Ganglia classification: Traditional and Clinical

00:23:55
Corpus Striatum, Neo Striatum, Paleo striatum classification, Lentiform nucleus

00:29:10
Corticospinal fibers, Corticonuclear/Corticobulbar fibers

00:37:11
Initiation of idea/message: Prefrontal cortex, Primary, pre-and supplementary motor areas

00:40:20
Corticostriatal pathway-(up to)-Thalamocortical pathway

00:44:35
Neurotransmitters; Glutaminergic, GABAergic fibers/neurons, Increased firing of Inhibitory/GABAergic fibers at times of motor rest and vice versa; [Direct pathway]

00:57:15
Indirect pathway [involves subthalamus]; Glutaminergic pathway,

01:05:47
Substantia Nigra, Role of Dopaminergic fibers [Nigrostriatal pathway], Initiation of movement, its role in balance and fine-tuning through controlling of the previous two pathways. Counter-balancing act of Cholinergic neurons.

01:31:25
Summary/Revision of all pathways and structures.

01:35:35
Basal Ganglia Lesions [Direct Pathway lesions] causing Hypokinesia: Parkinsonism & Parkinson's Disease: Masked Facial Expressions, Serpentine Look, Lead pipe Rigidity and Pin Rolling Resting Tremors.

01:51:06
Drugs induced Parkinsonism: MPTP-associated Parkinson's, role of Dopamine Receptor blockers (Antipsychotic drugs)

01:53:06
Basal Ganglia Lesions [Indirect Pathway lesions] causing Hyperkinesia/Dyskinesia: Huntington's Disease.

01:59:30
Hyperkinesia; further explained: Chorea; Huntington's chorea, St. Viton’s' dance/Sydenham chorea, Wilson's Disease/Hepatolenticular Disease

02:12:34
Hyperkinesia; continued: Athetosis, Choreoathetosis, Dystonia, Ballismus/Hemiballismus, Tardive Dyskinesias (Dopamine Receptor Blockers use)

02:23:21
Rapid review of a full lecture.

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