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Vitamin A Chemistry , source , Metabolism , Deficiency - Usmle step 1 Biochemistry Dr Bhanu prakash

Vitamin A (Retinol)
A fat-soluble vitamin that is involved in vision, cellular communication, the immune system, and reproduction. Can be administered as a supplement in vitamin A deficiency or to treat measles.

Vitamins are a group of chemically diverse organic compounds that an organism requires for normal metabolism. Apart from a few exceptions (e.g., vitamin D), the human body cannot synthesize vitamins on its own in sufficient amounts and must, therefore, ensure a steady supply through the diet. Vitamins are micronutrients that do not provide energy (like macronutrients) but instead have very specific biochemical roles. They can be coenzymes in various reactions (B vitamins, vitamins A and K) and/or antioxidants that protect the cell and its membrane from free radicals (vitamins C and E). They can also enable cell signaling (vitamin A) and gene transcription (vitamins A and E) or function as hormones (e.g., vitamin D). Vitamins are classified into fat-soluble vitamins, which the body can store, and water-soluble vitamins, which, with the exception of vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin), the body cannot store over significant periods of time and, therefore, require continuous intake. A balanced diet typically supplies the body with all vitamins it requires. Deficiencies occur mainly due to malnutrition, malabsorption disorders, or restrictive diets (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency in a vegan diet).

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