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In climate change theory, yhe term transmitted surface radiation was used to denote the infrared radiation from the condensed-matter surface of the earth that could be observed at the top of the atmosphere, also called transmitted surface irradiation.

It sounds reasonable because the infrared absorbers in the atmosphere could absorb a large proportion from an infrared source, as John Tyndall first experimentally observed.

In 1898, the first infrared absorption spectra for water vapor and CO2 were observed by Rubens and Aschkinas, using this experimental set up. Notice that the source is a zirconium burner; the gas is placed in a tube; and the K represents the refractor and detector.

This is their key result. As you can see, the water vapor absorption is significantly weak between 8 to 14 micron, which indicates that over 90% infrared rays can be transmitted through this window while the rest of wave-number region is almost opaque.

This is similar to those minimum dips associated with water vapor absorption in the solar radiation spectrum observed on the ground by Langley, although the radiation source is a remote sun, separated from the earth by vacuum.

If the condensed-matter surface of the earth could be treated as an isolated infrared emitter, then it seems reasonable to argue that the dip observed by Rubens and Aschkinass would be observable at the top of the atmosphere from a satellite.

11.Indeed, that is exactly what climate researchers have assumed since 1860 when the infrared absorption by water vapor and CO2 were observed by Tyndall.
Hence the observed dip in lab was naively called the atmospheric window through which the surface infrared radiation can go directly to outer space.

12.For this reason, the transmitted surface radiation has been often used as a synonymous of the “atmospheric window” among climate researchers, despite they are conceptually different. Perhaps that’s why it would appear the transmitted surface radiation is essential for to cool down the surface.

So, when I first realized that no infrared radiation can be emitted by the surface in the presence of massive atmosphere, I was struggling how to re-explain the observable outgoing long-wave radiation, or OLR, above the ground or the sea level. What did I do? I lishened to Bhram’s symphonies, my favirate.

By investigating the history, I concluded the transmitted infrared emission at the top of the atmosphere is not directly emitted by the condensed-matter surface. At most, one can argue that it is the warmest air layer, called “the turbulent mixed boundary layer” by meteorologists, attached to the land and the ocean, that is the infrared source but without a well-defined up boundary.

So, that is one of the implications for the zero surface radiation hypothesis, or what I have called as a paradigm shift in understanding climate stability. In the absence of the so-called surface emission, the condensed-matter surface would become much more stable in keeping its global mean temperature
To justify my argument, I would like to use two relevant papers. One was by Kiehl and Trenberth in 1997, in which the earliest global energy budget diagram was proposed; another is by Costa and Shine in 2012, who calculated the outgoing longwave radiation due to directly transmitted surface emission.

In the paper by Kiehl and Trenberth, the transmited surface emission is 40 W m-2 compared to the total OLR of 235 Wm-2, although the authors made clear that their estimate is “somewhat ad hoc” rather than the product of detailed calculations.

Interestingly enough, the authors also noted that the infrared radiation originates near the earth’s surface. Notice they used near not from. What did they mean? Clearly, the meant the air layer near the surface, nothing else.
So, it would appear they also thought there is no surface infrared radiation!

Perhaps they also found the temperature jump, or the temperature discontinuoality, at the surface is absurd. Who know? But at least they had the gall to admit the incurable defect in the standard model for the climate, unlike other climate researchers.

Still, Kiehl and Trenberth seemed cautious about their wording as they then wrote: “the 40 Wm-2 emphasizes that very little radiation is actually transmitted directly to space as though the atmosphere were transparent,” which implies that they consider the term to be radiation originating from the surface. So, if you don’t read their paper carefully, you might have thought they thought the transmitted infrared radiation is from the surface.


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