Most of Jewish history has happened without an independent Jewish state. And most Jews have lived outside the land of Israel for over 2,000 years. Are non-Israeli Jews in “exile” or “diaspora,” or can they have an identity rooted in the lands where they live? And just what is meant by "Anti-Zionism," both past and present?

Rabbi Adam Chalom, Dean for North America of the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism (www.iishj.org) and Rabbi of Kol Hadash Humanistic Congregation (www.kolhadash.com) shares his thoughts.

Part 1 of this 2-part series, "What is Zionism?":    • What is Zionism?