How a Differential Works | Types of Differentials Explained

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What is Differential?
If you have ever played with a toy car, you know it moves well in a straight line, but it doesn’t take a turn. This is because it doesn’t have a differential. But, your vehicle makes turns on corners, whether it’s front, rear, four, or all-wheel-drive.

A differential is defined as a gear train consisting of three gears that feature the rotational speed of one shaft, the average speed of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average.

The differential is a gear that transfers engine torque to the wheels. It takes power from the engine and delivers it, allowing each wheel to rotate at a different speed on turns.

Why Differential Is Needed?
The differential allows the steering wheels to turn at different speeds so the car can take turns without putting much pressure on the tires. The inside wheels move at a short distance compared to the outer wheels.

If the axle does not allow the wheels to spin freely, the tire wheel will drag on the ground. Hence this is essential when the vehicle turns, causing the wheel to move outside the turning curve to roll further and faster than the other.

Parts of Differential
The following are the parts of the differential system:
1. Differential side gear or sun gears
2. Pinion shaft or cross pin
3. Axle shafts or half shafts
4. Ring gear or crown wheel
5. Drive pinion or bevel pinion
6. Differential pinions or planet gears
7. Differential case or Housing

--- Time Stamp --
00:00 - What is a Differential?
00:58 - Why differential is needed?
01:29 - Parts of Differential
02:51 - How does Differential work?
04:49 - Types of Differentials
05:13 - Open Differential
06:25 - Limited-slip Differential
07:42 - Locking Differential
08:53 - Torque Vectoring Differential
10:05 - Torsen Differential
11:22 - Welded Differential
11:53 - Wrap up

#differential #howitworks

Disclaimer:
This video is just for educational purposes only. We are not in the auto repair business nor publish automotive service manuals. This video is not reviewed or authorized by any vehicle manufacturer. This video is intended only as general guidance. Every system is slightly different, so refer to the owner’s manual of your vehicle for any specific information about your model. Remember that only proper service and repair procedures will ensure your car's safe and reliable operation.

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