Input offset voltage is one of the non-ideal characteristics of an op amp. It can be modeled as a small voltage source in series with one of the input terminals of the op amp. Input offset voltage is an unavoidable property because it is due to the semiconductor manufacturing process. It can be compensated for either through modifications to the external circuit or by adding compensation inside the op amp during manufacturing.

This video explains what input offset voltage is, how it effects various op amp circuits, and different ways to compensate for it.

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