This episode I describe the neural mechanisms that activate and control aggressive states and behaviors and the role of hormones—estrogen and testosterone—in mediating violent and/or competitive aggression. I also describe tools that can be used to modulate the factors that have been shown to ‘prime’ an individual for aggression, including sunlight, estrogen sensitivity, competition within social settings, and overall stress levels, and the hormone cortisol. I discuss how substances such as caffeine and alcohol can impact impulsive behaviors and how nutrition and supplementation can be used to regulate mood and aggression.

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Article Links
Photoperiod reverses the effects of estrogens on male aggression via genomic and nongenomic pathways: https://bit.ly/3sl6ehZ
Testosterone and occupational choice: actors, ministers, and other men: https://bit.ly/3KV2IkS
Age, Testosterone, and Behavior Among Female Prison Inmates: https://bit.ly/3N48xOt
Testosterone Rapidly Increases Neural Reactivity to Threat in Healthy Men: A Novel Two-Step Pharmacological Challenge Paradigm: https://bit.ly/3MVP4iQ
Caffeinated and non-caffeinated alcohol use and indirect aggression: The impact of self-regulation: https://bit.ly/39F09X3
Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: https://bit.ly/3FtpSh9
Functional identification of an aggression locus in the mouse hypothalamus (See "Supplementary information" for movies): https://go.nature.com/3yltYGB

Book Links
An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology 5th Edition: https://amzn.to/396bHm9
The Nature of the Beast: How Emotions Guide Us: https://amzn.to/3wd6NM3

Other Links
Mouse switching from mating behavior to aggressive behaviors upon stimulation of VMH:    • The neural circuitry of sex and viole...  
VMH stimulation causes mouse to display aggressive behaviors toward an inanimate object (e.g., glove):    • The neural circuitry of sex and viole...  

Timestamps
00:00:00 Aggression, Types of Aggression
00:03:33 AG1 (Athletic Greens), ROKA, Helix Sleep
00:08:29 Neural Circuits for Aggression, “Hydraulic Pressure Model”
00:15:50 Brain Regions Controlling Aggression, Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)
00:22:14 Psychiatric Disorders & Aggression
00:23:36 Stimulation of the VMH, Estrogen Receptors & Aggression
00:31:57 Neural Circuits Mediating Physical Acts of Aggression, Biting
00:35:56 Testosterone & Competitiveness/Estrogen & Aggression
00:43:00 Sunlight, Melatonin & Aggression
00:45:46 Cortisol, Serotonin & Aggressive Behaviors
00:51:56 Tool: Omega-3 Supplementation & Mood
00:54:18 Tool: Sunlight, Sauna & Cortisol Reduction
00:55:54 Tool: Ashwagandha & Cortisol Reduction
00:57:06 Tool: Seasonality/Sunlight, Genetic Variation in Estrogen Sensitivity
01:00:37 Testosterone & Aggression, Competitive Work Environments
01:05:07 Testosterone, Amygdala, Challenge & Effort
01:09:27 Caffeine, Alcohol & Impulsivity
01:13:15 Tool: Caffeinated Alcohol Beverages, Impulsivity & Aggression
01:17:18 Tool: ADHD, Acetyl-L Carnitine & Aggressive Behavior
01:24:10 Factors Affecting the “Hydraulic Pressure Model” of Aggression
01:25:44 Book by Dr. David Anderson, Aggression & Social Relationships
01:27:35 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Patreon, Momentous Supplements, Neural Network Newsletter, Instagram, Twitter

The Huberman Lab Podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast or materials linked from this podcast is at the user’s own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professionals for any such conditions.

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com