Russia’s S-400 Triumf, often referred to as the SA-21 Growler within NATO circles, is widely touted as one of — if not the — most capable air defense systems in the world.

With the ability to leverage a variety of missiles to engage different air threats, an engagement range of nearly 250 miles, and widely praised counter-stealth capabilities, the S-400 has gained a reputation as one of the few systems capable of countering America’s air-dominance approach to warfare.

But is that actually true?

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Further Reading
Full S-400 Analysis: https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/the-s-40...
How Russia’s warfare doctrine is failing in Ukraine: https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/how-russ...
Hypersonic missiles and missile defense: https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/hyperson...
Tracking stealth on radar: https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/americas...
AARGM-ER: https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/the-navy...
Rapid Dragon: https://www.sandboxx.us/blog/rapid-dr...

Citations:
Missile Defense: https://www.rand.org/natsec_area/prod...
S-400 development: https://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys...
S-400 EW countermeasures: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resr...
RCS figures: http://faculty.nps.edu/jenn/ec4630/rc...
S-400 Hellenic Air Force assessment: https://www.researchgate.net/publicat...
20 miles targeting envelope: https://aviationweek.com/defense-spac...
Russian military doctrine: https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11625.pdf
S-400 cruise missile vulnerability: https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/05/rus...
Geographical features as a limitation: https://worldview.stratfor.com/articl...
Russian S-400 tests: https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles...
S-400 in Syria: https://www.rferl.org/a/weher-was-the...
Pakistani Air Forse S-400 assessment: https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA...