COVID-19 gave humanity a wake-up call. Future pandemics can get substantially worse. Fortunately, there are several technologies that can be effective against a very wide range of potential pathogens, without knowing in advance what they are going to be. Unfortunately, their development and adoption is not incentivized in ""peacetime"" markets. We need a combination of pull and push approaches to get these technologies over the proverbial ""valley of death"". Ales is focusing on two particularly promising technologies: Far-UVC and point-of-care metagenomics and on the role that focused research organizations (FROs) can play in their development.

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