Chloroplast, structure within the cells of plants and green algae that is the site of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy, resulting in the production of oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are free-living close relatives of chloroplasts; endosymbiotic theory posits that chloroplasts and mitochondria (energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells) are descended from such organisms.

chloroplast structureThe internal (thylakoid) membrane vesicles are organized into stacks, which reside in a matrix known as the stroma. All the chlorophyll in the chloroplast is contained in the membranes of the thylakoid vesicles.

Characteristics Of Chloroplasts

role of chloroplasts in photosynthesisChloroplasts play a key role in the process of photosynthesis. Learn about photosynthesis's light reaction in the grana and thylakoid membrane and dark reaction in the stroma.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.See all videos for this article

Chloroplasts are a type of plastid—a round, oval, or disk-shaped body that is involved in the synthesis and storage of foodstuffs. Chloroplasts are distinguished from other types of plastids by their green colour, which results from the presence of two pigments, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. A function of those pigments is to absorb light energy. In plants, chloroplasts occur in all green tissues, though they are concentrated particularly in the parenchyma cells .
00:00 introduction of video
00:22 introduction to the topic
00:40 where chloroplasts are found?
01:05 structure of the chloroplast.
01:29 parts of the chloroplast.
02:43 functions of the chloroplast.

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