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There’s a black stain on the history of neuroscience. But don’t worry, that’s actually a good thing! Thanks to Camillo Golgi’s mysterious “black stain” and Santiago Ramon y Cajal’s artistic talents, starting in the early 1900s, we started to get a much better handle on what neurons actually looked like. Although the scientific rivalry between Golgi and Cajal was fierce, their intertwined paths and undying efforts helped us uncover so many mysteries about the brain.

Sources
“The Embryo Project Encyclopedia.” The Neuron Doctrine (1860-1895) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia, embryo.asu.edu/pages/neuron-doctrine-1860-1895#:~:text=The neuron doctrine is a,that compose the nervous system.&text=Advocates of the neuron doctrine,composed of discrete cellular units.
Cajal Santiago Ramón y, et al. The Beautiful Brain: the Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Abrams, 2017.
“The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906.” NobelPrize.org, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1906/golgi/biographical/.
“The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906.” NobelPrize.org, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1906/cajal/facts/.

Cover Image: "Ramón y Cajal vs Golgi – A neuroscience rivalry" by Daniela Gamba .
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Credits
The following images were used in the video and fall under Creative Commons licenses. None of them have been adapted or modified:
“Neuron from Chicken embryo photographed with confocal microscope after being dyed” by Xpanzion
“Spindle neurons - very high mag - cropped“ by Nephron
“Camillo Golgi 2” by Danielggpeters
“Skin Cells.JPG” by CK-12 Foundation
"545 (2)" by Pazit Polak
"O-" by Stephen Begin
"Lab-Grown Muscle" by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeleta
"Tejido nervioso" by pscastiglioni
“Silver nitrate crystals” by W. Oelen
"File:Portrait of Camillo Golgi Wellcome M0005183.jpg"
"Neuronas del córtex cerebral humano,Cajal 1899" by the real duluoz
"File:Santiago Ramón y Cajal (8691434605).jpg" by ZEISS Microscopy from Germany
“Ramón y Cajal facultad” by Willtron
"File:Camillo Golgi. Photograph after Dorothea Landau da Fano, 192 Wellcome V0026453.jpg"
"File:Rat hippocampus stained with antibody to NeuN (green), myelin basic protein (red) and DNA (blue).jpg" by GerryShaw
“Image” by the real duluoz
"This image is taken from Histologie du systà ¨me nerveux de l'homme et des vertà ©brà ©s, par S. Ramon Cajal,... à dition franà §aise, revue et mise à jour par l'auteur, traduite de l'espagnol par le Dr. L. Azoulay. Tome 2" by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.
"File:Line drawing of the retina Wellcome L0040596.jpg"
"File:Terminaciones nerviosas en la piel y pelos del raton Wellcome L0040802.jpg"