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⏱ Timestamps
00:00 How the NFL Failed in Europe
01:00 The Origins of European “Football”
03:48 The Real Thing & Ze Germans
05:35 Lessons to Learn

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Athletic Interest is a video essay series that investigates business stories from the world of sports.

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📚 Sources
[1] NFL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1...
MLB: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1...
NBA: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1...
NHL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1...
MLS: https://www.sportico.com/valuations/t...
European Football Leagues combined: https://www.statista.com/statistics/2...

[2] ‘Tom Brady leads Buccaneers to victory in Munich: 'One of the great football experiences I've ever had’’ (Jeremy Bergman),
https://www.nfl.com/news/tom-brady-le...

[3] ‘Why the NFL Offseason Is the Longest Drought on the Sports Calendar’ (Brandon Alisoglu)
https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1...

[4] ‘Origins of the WLAF’ (Tod Maher)
https://profootballresearchers.org/ar...

[5] ‘Europe Takes to WLAF, but Will It Catch On Here?’ (Chris Dufresne)
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-x...

[6] ‘Football; It’s Baaack! World League Set to Begin Second Season’ (Gerald Eskenazi)
https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/21/sp...

[7] ‘Football: Notebook; Initials For W.L.A.F. May Soon Be R.I.P’ (Timothy W. Smith)
https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/25/sp...

[8] ‘Why The NFL Hasn’t Won Over Europe… Yet (Cheddar)
   • Why The NFL Hasn’t Won Over Europe… Y...  

[9] ‘NFL folds Europe league, to focus on regular-season games abroad’ (AP via ESPN.com)
https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?i...

[10] ‘NFL: Why did NFL Europe fail?’ (Ross Bennellick)
https://www.sportskeeda.com/nfl/nfl-w...

[11] ‘NFL Europe attendance’ (kenn.com)
https://web.archive.org/web/200703110...

[12] ‘History of NFL international games’ (Max Molski)
https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphi...

[13] ‘The Hell of a Party: The NFL Returns to the Raucous German Fan Base It Left Behind’ (Rodger Sherman)
https://www.theringer.com/nfl/2022/11...

[14] ‘Turnen And Sport’, Annette R Hofmann (ED.), part IV, ‘American Football in West Germany: Cultural Transformation, Adaption, and Resistance’ (Lars Dzikus)

[15] ‘NFL could have sold ‘over three million’ Munich tickets’ (Kalinka Mehta)
https://www.dw.com/en/nfl-could-have-...

[16] ‘TV study shows: American Football ranks second in popularity in Germany after first season’ (European League of Football)
https://europeanleague.football/elf-n...

[17] ‘NFL makes strong push for flag football with eye on Olympics’ (AP via NFL.com)
https://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-makes-st...

[18] ‘New program is opening doors for international NFL hopefuls’ (ESPN.com)
https://www.espn.co.uk/nfl/story/_/id...

[19] ‘Munich to host first-ever regular-season NFL game in Germany during 2022 season; Frankfurt also to host future games’ (Around the NFL Staff)
https://www.nfl.com/news/munich-to-ho...

[20] ‘NFL could have two London franchises, says Roger Goodell’ (Ed Dixion)
https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/n...


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