#jaundice #jaundicetreatment #hyperbilirubinemia #icterus #cholestasis

Jaundice vs Hyperbilirubinemia vs Icterus vs Cholestasis 🩺

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Jaundice

Jaundice is a condition in which the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes) and mucous membranes turn yellow. This yellow color is caused by a high level of bilirubin, a yellow-orange bile pigment. Bile is fluid secreted by the liver. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of red blood cells.

Hyperbilirubinemia

Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition in which there is a build up of bilirubin in the blood, causing yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin, called jaundice. Low levels of bilirubin in the newborn is common and does not cause any trouble and will resolve on its own in the first week of life. However some conditions like prematurity, infection or certain blood disorders can lead to a rapid accumulation of bilirubin to a toxic level.
Depending on the cause of the hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice may appear at birth or at any time afterward.

Icterus

Blood is composed of cells and plasma (or serum), a liquid that is normally pale yellow in colour and transparent. Devices that analyze serum specimens (biochemistry tests) monitor three aspect of the serum: lipemia, icterus index and hemolysis index.

Icterus (or the icterus index) is a measure of the yellow colour of serum. This colour is normally due almost exclusively to the presence of bilirubin, a hemoglobin waste product from the red blood cells. The icterus index is expressed as a number of “plus” signs (from zero to ++++). An icterus index of zero is normal. A non-negative result (+ to ++++) indicates a concentration of bilirubin above the normal value. To better understand what these results mean, see your bilirubin result. Very high results (++++) can interfere with certain laboratory tests. More rarely, a high icterus index can be caused by excessive consumption of foods like carrots or vitamin supplements containing beta carotene.

Cholestasis

Cholestasis is defined as stagnation, or at least a marked reduction, in bile secretion and flow. Cholestasis can be due to a functional impairment of the hepatocytes in the secretion of bile and/or due to an obstruction at any level of the excretory pathway of bile. Cholestatic jaundice can be classified into intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholestasis, depending upon the level of obstruction to bile flow. Clinically, cholestasis leads to retention of the constituents of bile in blood. Prominent features of cholestasis are pruritus and malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of cholestatic jaundice and highlights the role of interprofessional team in the care of affected patients.
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