Elements can play various roles within a system, and this utility can be explained through two types of functions: forced and permitted. To illustrate, forced function would be over-fertilizing an orchard to produce an over-sized yield, ultimately leading to over-worked trees and an unhealthy system. Contrastingly, permitted functions are when elements are encouraged to produce within their natural limits and proclivities. Back in the orchard, a chicken tractor moves chickens so that they scratch, fertilize, and control pests. Once they’ve performed these tasks, the mobile pen is relocated. Now, we have one animal performing multiple tasks intrinsic to them, all the while providing the orchard with what it needs to naturally thrive.

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About Geoff: Geoff is a world-renowned permaculture consultant, designer, and teacher that has established demonstration sites that function as education centers in all the world's major climates. Geoff has dedicated his life to spreading permaculture design across the globe and inspiring people to take care of the earth and each other and return the surplus.

About Permaculture: Permaculture integrates land, resources, people, and the environment through mutually beneficial connections – imitating the no waste, closed-loop systems seen in natural systems. Permaculture applies solutions in rural and urban contexts and at any scale. It is a multidisciplinary toolbox including agriculture, water harvesting and hydrology, energy, natural building, forestry, waste management, animal systems, aquaculture, appropriate technology, economics, and community development.

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