Stem cell transplantation is vital to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy cells. This treatment can be a lifesaver for patients with certain cancers and genetic disorders. Dr Sisir Kumar Patra, a Consultant in Hematology, Haemato Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant at Narayana Hospital, Howrah, provides an in-depth look into the process of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, where stem cells are collected from a donor and transplanted into a patient.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation begins with finding a suitable donor, ideally a complete HLA match. This can be a family member or a donor from a registry. After selecting a donor, the next step is to collect the stem cells from them. The patient will then undergo high-dose chemotherapy, known as conditioning chemotherapy, to prepare their body for the transplant.

Once the chemotherapy is complete, the collected stem cells are transplanted into the patient. Over the next 10 to 15 days, these cells will grow and multiply within the patient's body, essentially rebuilding the bone marrow. Typically, the patient stays in the hospital for about 20 to 30 days during this treatment process until they are stable enough to go home.

The indications for using allogeneic stem cell transplantation include treating various conditions, such as thalassemia and aplastic anaemia, which are benign. It is also used for more severe disorders like sickle cell anaemia, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, and various immunodeficiency disorders. For cancers such as Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, this type of transplant is considered when a patient either relapses after initial treatment or does not respond to it at all.

As explained by Dr Patra, this comprehensive treatment approach shows the intricate processes involved and the hope it offers to many patients suffering from severe and life-threatening illnesses. Understanding these options can provide comfort and a path forward for those in need of such advanced therapies.

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Timestamp:
00:00 - Introduction
00:11 - Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
00:24 - Procedure to perform Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
01:08 - Indication for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation