How large is the universe? Where does it begin and end? And how does it expand? These are some of the biggest questions of astronomy. And while humanity is so small that we may never be able to fully understand the true scale of the universe, advancements in technology are helping us to look ever-deeper into the wilds of our existence- towards the edge of our observable universe, known as the Cosmic Horizon. Today, we will analyse the universe, its laws, and its awe-inspiring scale.

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Do you use these videos to sleep or for night time watching? Check out the new sleeping space playlist, a collection of my most chilled out and ambient videos.
   • Sleeping Space Playlist  

Thumbnail made by Wimptastic:   / wimptastical  
Captions by Kino Sen:    / @kinosen4001  

MUSIC:
Special thanks to Lombus, who allowed me to use his song Doppler Shores in the title screen:
- Source: https://lombus.bandcamp.com/track/dop...

Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
- The Theatrical Poster...: http://chriszabriskie.com/vendaface/
- Unfoldment, Revealment... http://chriszabriskie.com/reappear/
- Cylinder Five: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
- Take Off and Shoot a Zero: http://chriszabriskie.com/stuntisland/
- Oxygen Garden: http://chriszabriskie.com/divider/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Other songs are from the YouTube Audio Library:
- Landing | Godmode
- Tundras | Amulets
- Dolphin-esque | Godmode
- Space Chatter | Doug Maxwell
- Traversing | Godmode
- At The Precipice of a Dying Light | Dan Bodan

FOOTAGE:
The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator:
http://spaceengine.org/
SpaceEngine on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/31...

Stock footage provided by Videezy.com

VIDEO CLIPS:
- NASA Redshift Animations:    • Unraveling the Mysteries of Dark Ener...  
- Dark Energy Expansion:    • Video  
- Zooming into the Ultra Deep Field:    • Zoom into the Hubble Ultra Deep Field  
- Virtual Clips of Hubble Repair:    • NASA 360 Talks - Repairing Hubble  
- Final Servicing Mission:    • Final Hubble Repair Mission, HD  
- Observable Universe Growing ESA:    • The Observable Universe  
- ESO Type 1a supernova    • Artist’s impression of two white dwar...  
- Redshift Expansion [Creative Commons]:    • The Expanding Universe and Cosmologic...  
- Expanding Universe Animation [Hubble ESA]:    • The expanding Universe  

IMAGES:
- Observable Universe Logarithmic Illustration: https://fb.me/observableuniverse
- Hubble Images: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hu...
- Observable Universe Graphic: By Andrew Z. Colvin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
- Accelerated Expansion Diagram: By Design Alex Mittelmann, Coldcreation, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
- Ursa Major: https://thenounproject.com/term/ursa-...

SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
- Number of Stars in the Universe: https://www.esa.int/Science_Explorati...
- Einstein and Achievements: https://interestingengineering.com/7-...
- Edwin Hubble's 1929 Discovery: https://www.pnas.org/content/112/11/3173
- The Hubble Deep Field Images: https://esahubble.org/science/deep_fi...
- How Much of the Unobservable Universe will we See Someday: https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswi...
- Some interesting notes on the sphere expanding model: https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physic...
- Type 1a Supernovae: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/sc...
- Frieman et al., Dark Energy & the Accelerating Universe: https://arxiv.org/pdf/0803.0982.pdf
- Size of the Unobservable Universe [Oxford Physicists]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5476

TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 Introduction
2:23 Defining the Universe
6:51 The Big Bang
9:12 The Observable Universe
10:53 The Hubble Telescope
11:46 The Hubble Deep Field
16:49 Cosmic Expansion
19:40 Redshift
21:48 The Cosmic Horizon and the Unobservable Universe
25:36 Accelerating Expansion
28:29 Dark Energy
30:14 The End of the Universe

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