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Carpal Bones Osteology Animation

The carpal bones are a group of eight small bones located in the wrist region. They form the proximal portion of the hand, connecting the forearm to the metacarpal bones of the palm. The carpal bones are arranged in two rows: the proximal row, which is closer to the forearm, and the distal row, which is closer to the palm. Here is an overview of the carpal bones and their anatomical features:

Proximal Row (Lateral to Medial):

Scaphoid Bone (Navicular):
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It is the largest carpal bone.
It articulates with the radius and forms part of the wrist joint.
It has a boat-like shape with a concave proximal surface and a convex distal surface.
Fractures of the scaphoid bone are relatively common and can cause significant wrist pain and dysfunction.

Lunate Bone:
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It is named for its crescent moon-like shape.
It articulates with the radius, scaphoid, and triquetrum.
It plays a crucial role in maintaining wrist stability.

Triquetrum Bone:
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It is pyramidal in shape and articulates with the lunate, hamate, and pisiform bones.
It is positioned more distally and posteriorly compared to the scaphoid and lunate bones.

Pisiform Bone:
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It is a small, pea-shaped bone located anteriorly, superficial to the triquetrum bone.
It provides attachment for ligaments and muscles of the hand, including the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

Distal Row (Lateral to Medial):

Trapezium Bone:
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It is the most lateral bone of the distal row.
It articulates with the scaphoid proximally and the first metacarpal bone distally.
The saddle-shaped joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal bone allows for a wide range of thumb movements.

Trapezoid Bone:
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It is smaller and more quadrilateral in shape compared to the trapezium bone.
It articulates with the scaphoid proximally and the second metacarpal bone distally.

Capitate Bone:
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It is the largest carpal bone in the distal row.
It has a rounded head that articulates with the third metacarpal bone.
It plays a crucial role in transmitting forces from the wrist to the hand.

Hamate Bone:
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It is located at the medial aspect of the distal row.
It has a hook-like projection called the hamulus, which serves as an attachment site for ligaments and flexor tendons.
The pisiform bone articulates with the anterior surface of the hamate bone.

These eight carpal bones are bound together by numerous ligaments, forming the carpal tunnel, which houses the median nerve and flexor tendons. The carpal bones, along with the other structures of the wrist, provide stability, flexibility, and support for various hand movements and activities.

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